Binocular Vision Reference Guide
Visual Norms and Expected Values
Binocular Vision Overview
Delve into the essential normative values that underpin effective binocular vision testing, a fundamental component of optometric assessments and patient care. This detailed guide offers optometrists a thorough overview of expected benchmarks for pivotal diagnostic tests, ensuring comprehensive evaluations and accurate diagnoses.
Accurate normative data is crucial for recognizing and diagnosing binocular vision anomalies, enabling clinicians to devise precise, tailored treatment plans. By comparing patient results against these benchmarks, optometrists can identify deviations from normal function and develop effective management strategies to address any identified issues. This comprehensive understanding of binocular vision norms supports the delivery of high-quality, individualized patient care.
Test | Expected Values |
---|---|
Near Cover Test | Ortho - 6XP |
NPC | 5/7cm Near | 7/10cm Distance |
Vergence Facility (3BI/12BO) | 15 cycles/min |
Positive Fusional Vergence | 17/21/11 |
Negative Fusional Vergence | 13/21/13 |
Positive Fusional Reserve (Blur/Break/Recovery) | 7-11 / 15-23 / 8-12 △ |
Negative Fusional Reserve (Blur/Break/Recovery) | x / 5-9 / 3-5 △ |
Amplitude of Accommodation | Minimum: 15 - (¼)Age |
Lag of Accommodation | +0.25 to +0.75 |
Positive Relative Accommodation | -2.37 (±1.00) |
Negative Relative Accommodation | +2.00 (±0.50) |
ACA | 4/1 △ |
Condition | Cover Test | NPC | Vergence Facility | Vergence Amplitude | Binocular Acc. Facility | Monocular Acc. Facility | NRA/PRA | MEM | Accommodative Amplitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic Exophoria | Exo, D=N | Normal | Low BO @ D&N | Low BO @ D&N | Fails (+) | Normal | Low NRA | Low | Normal |
Basic Esophoria | Eso, D=N | Normal | Low BI @ D&N | Low BI @ D&N | Fails (-) | Normal | Low PRA | High | Normal |
Accommodative Insufficiency | No Pattern | Normal | Normal | Normal | Fails (-) | Fails (-) | Low PRA | High | Low |
Divergence Insufficiency | Eso, >D | Normal | Low BI @ D | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal |
Convergence Insufficiency | Exo, >N | Receded | Low BO | Low BO | Fails (+) | Normal | Low NRA | Low | Normal |
Convergence Excess | Eso, >N | Normal | Low BI | Normal | Fails (-) | Normal | Low PRA | High | Normal |
Fusional Vergence Dysfunction | Low Eso or Exo | Normal | Low BI & BO | Normal | Fails (+) & (-) | Normal | Low NRA/PRA | Normal | Normal |
Divergence Excess | Exo, >D | Normal | Low BO @ D | Low BO @ D | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal |